| Peer-Reviewed

Clinical Presentations of HIV/AIDS Among Sudanese Patients in Khartoum, Sudan

Received: 24 December 2016     Accepted: 19 January 2017     Published: 17 March 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

HIV infection is the greatest risk factor for acquiring other infections including bacterial, fungal, and viral as well as malignancies due to weakness of the immune system. This study was conducted in the VCT Center- Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum state during the period in nine years (from 2006-2015). We aimed to determine the Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS among Sudanese patients. A total of 100 HIV/AIDS seropositive were included in the study. Medical records of these patients were reviewed and data from medical records was collected and analyzed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Out of 100 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS patients, the most common age group among the patients was 32-41 years and represented by 43 (43%). 77 (77%) patients in the sample were male while 23 (23%) were females. The majority of the patients 97 (97%) presented with symptoms compared to only 3 (3%) asymptomatic. Symptom of diarrhea was reported in 22 (22%) of the patients, fever in 17 (17%), weight loss in 14 (40%), cough in 14 (14%) fatigability in 10 (10%) and vomiting in 5 (5%). Bacterial infections were: TB in 14 (14%), Cheilitis in 3 (3%), cellulitis in 1 (1%) and chest infection 1 (1%). Fungal infections included oral thrush in 9 (9%). Kaposi sarcoma reported in 4 (4%). The CD4 level < 100 cells/mm3 was found in 42 (42%) of the study sample. Neither any skin viral infections nor inflammatory dermatoses were reported in this study. We found about two thirds of the patients were in stage III, while others were in stage II, IV and I, respectively. Tuberculosis and Coexistence dermatological diseases should be early and thoroughly examined among HIV patients.

Published in Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11
Page(s) 38-42
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HIV/AIDS, HIV Stages, Khartoum, Sudan

References
[1] UNAIDS. Report on the Global AIDS epidemic, 2004. Bangkok, Thailand 2004. 2016).
[2] Cohen MS, Hellmann N, Levy JA, DeCock K, Lange J. The spread, treatment, and prevention of HIV-1: evolution of a global pandemic. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2008; 118 (4): 1244-54.
[3] UNAIDS, FACT SHEET. 2016.
[4] Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, Kirk O, Reiss PD, Monforte AD, Knysz B, Dietrich M, Phillips AN, Lundgren JD, EuroSIDA Study Group. Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: an observational study. The Lancet. 2003; 362 (9377): 22-9.
[5] Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Ledergerber B, Tilling K, Weber R, Sendi P, Rickenbach M, Robins JM, Egger M, Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Long-term effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy in preventing AIDS and death: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2005; 366 (9483): 378-84.
[6] Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Report on the Global Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Epidemic. Unaids; 2008.
[7] Centers for Disease Control, Divisions of HIV/AIDS Prevention, 2005, available at: www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats.htm.
[8] Mitsch A, Hu X, Harrison KM, Durant T. Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men–33 states, 2001–2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008; 57 (25): 681-6.
[9] Wilcox CM, Wanke CA, Bartlett JG, Mitty J. Evaluation of HIV-infected patient with diarrhea. Up to date (base de dados na internet). 2007.
[10] Hakim GJ, Hakim JG. HIV/AIDS: Update on Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment including Available South Sudan Literature. 2009.
[11] Awadalla H, El-Samani F, Soghaier MA, Makki M. Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Tuberculosis Among HIV-Infected Patients in Khartoum in 2010. AIMS Public Health. 2015; 2 (4): 784-92.
[12] Wananukul S, Deekajorndech T, Panchareon C, Thisyakorn U. Mucocutaneous findings in pediatric AIDS related to degree of immunosuppression. Pediatr Dermatol. 2003; 20: 289- 94.
[13] Borkovic SP, Schwartz RA. Kaposi's sarcoma presenting in the homosexual man -- a new and striking phenomenon!. Ariz Med. 1981; 38 (12): 902-4.
[14] Ahmed MI, Mussa A. Ocular Manifestations of HIV in Patients Attending Selected Centers in Khartoum State. Adv Ophthalmol Vis Syst. 2016; 4 (3): 00112. DOI: 10.15406/aovs.2016.04.00112.
[15] Mudawi H, Hussein W, Mukhtar M, Yousif M, Nemeri O, Glebe D, Kramvis A. Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection in adult Sudanese HIV patients. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014; 29: 65-70.
[16] Panya MF, Mgonda YM, Massawe AW. The pattern of mucocutaneous disorders in HIV-infected children attending care and treatment centres in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9 (1) 1.
[17] Lim W, Sadick N, Gupta A, Kaplan M, Pahwa S. Skin diseases in children with HIV infection and their association with degree of immunosuppression. International journal of dermatology. 1990; 29 (1): 24-30.
[18] Leeds IL, Magee MJ, Kurbatova EV, del Rio C, Blumberg HM, Leonard MK, Kraft CS. Site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is associated with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 55 (1): 75-81.
[19] Abdallah TM, Ali AA, Karsany MS, Adam I. Epidemiology of dengue infections in Kassala, Eastern Sudan. Journal of medical virology. 2012; 84 (3): 500-3.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Samah Mohamed Osman, Marwa Mohamed Osman, Muataz Mohamed Osman, Mamoun Magzoub, Safi Edin Elnour Ali. (2017). Clinical Presentations of HIV/AIDS Among Sudanese Patients in Khartoum, Sudan. Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research, 4(6), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Samah Mohamed Osman; Marwa Mohamed Osman; Muataz Mohamed Osman; Mamoun Magzoub; Safi Edin Elnour Ali. Clinical Presentations of HIV/AIDS Among Sudanese Patients in Khartoum, Sudan. J. Cancer Treat. Res. 2017, 4(6), 38-42. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Samah Mohamed Osman, Marwa Mohamed Osman, Muataz Mohamed Osman, Mamoun Magzoub, Safi Edin Elnour Ali. Clinical Presentations of HIV/AIDS Among Sudanese Patients in Khartoum, Sudan. J Cancer Treat Res. 2017;4(6):38-42. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11,
      author = {Samah Mohamed Osman and Marwa Mohamed Osman and Muataz Mohamed Osman and Mamoun Magzoub and Safi Edin Elnour Ali},
      title = {Clinical Presentations of HIV/AIDS Among Sudanese Patients in Khartoum, Sudan},
      journal = {Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {38-42},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jctr.20160406.11},
      abstract = {HIV infection is the greatest risk factor for acquiring other infections including bacterial, fungal, and viral as well as malignancies due to weakness of the immune system. This study was conducted in the VCT Center- Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum state during the period in nine years (from 2006-2015). We aimed to determine the Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS among Sudanese patients. A total of 100 HIV/AIDS seropositive were included in the study. Medical records of these patients were reviewed and data from medical records was collected and analyzed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Out of 100 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS patients, the most common age group among the patients was 32-41 years and represented by 43 (43%). 77 (77%) patients in the sample were male while 23 (23%) were females. The majority of the patients 97 (97%) presented with symptoms compared to only 3 (3%) asymptomatic. Symptom of diarrhea was reported in 22 (22%) of the patients, fever in 17 (17%), weight loss in 14 (40%), cough in 14 (14%) fatigability in 10 (10%) and vomiting in 5 (5%). Bacterial infections were: TB in 14 (14%), Cheilitis in 3 (3%), cellulitis in 1 (1%) and chest infection 1 (1%). Fungal infections included oral thrush in 9 (9%). Kaposi sarcoma reported in 4 (4%). The CD4 level 3 was found in 42 (42%) of the study sample. Neither any skin viral infections nor inflammatory dermatoses were reported in this study. We found about two thirds of the patients were in stage III, while others were in stage II, IV and I, respectively. Tuberculosis and Coexistence dermatological diseases should be early and thoroughly examined among HIV patients.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Clinical Presentations of HIV/AIDS Among Sudanese Patients in Khartoum, Sudan
    AU  - Samah Mohamed Osman
    AU  - Marwa Mohamed Osman
    AU  - Muataz Mohamed Osman
    AU  - Mamoun Magzoub
    AU  - Safi Edin Elnour Ali
    Y1  - 2017/03/17
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11
    T2  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
    JF  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
    JO  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
    SP  - 38
    EP  - 42
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-7790
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20160406.11
    AB  - HIV infection is the greatest risk factor for acquiring other infections including bacterial, fungal, and viral as well as malignancies due to weakness of the immune system. This study was conducted in the VCT Center- Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum state during the period in nine years (from 2006-2015). We aimed to determine the Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS among Sudanese patients. A total of 100 HIV/AIDS seropositive were included in the study. Medical records of these patients were reviewed and data from medical records was collected and analyzed by Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Out of 100 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS patients, the most common age group among the patients was 32-41 years and represented by 43 (43%). 77 (77%) patients in the sample were male while 23 (23%) were females. The majority of the patients 97 (97%) presented with symptoms compared to only 3 (3%) asymptomatic. Symptom of diarrhea was reported in 22 (22%) of the patients, fever in 17 (17%), weight loss in 14 (40%), cough in 14 (14%) fatigability in 10 (10%) and vomiting in 5 (5%). Bacterial infections were: TB in 14 (14%), Cheilitis in 3 (3%), cellulitis in 1 (1%) and chest infection 1 (1%). Fungal infections included oral thrush in 9 (9%). Kaposi sarcoma reported in 4 (4%). The CD4 level 3 was found in 42 (42%) of the study sample. Neither any skin viral infections nor inflammatory dermatoses were reported in this study. We found about two thirds of the patients were in stage III, while others were in stage II, IV and I, respectively. Tuberculosis and Coexistence dermatological diseases should be early and thoroughly examined among HIV patients.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Department of Biotechnology, Africa city of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Faculty of Medicine, Al-Zaiem Al-Azhari University, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El-Razi, Khartoum, Sudan

  • VCT Center- Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Sections