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Incidental Prostate Cancer: Predictors of Progression and Strategies of Management Based on Prostate-Specific Antigen

Received: 17 November 2014     Accepted: 3 December 2014     Published: 15 December 2014
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Abstract

We studied predictors for the progression of incidental prostate cancer (PCa) to optimize the management strategies that are still controversial in the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We performed advanced transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in 995 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Of these, 226 patients (22.7%) had incidental PCa. Included in the present study were 146 patients followed up for two years or longer. In the treated group of 26 patients whose PSA elevated, we performed radical transurethral resection of PCa (TURPCa) in 23 patients, palliative TURP in one, and endocrine therapy in two. Between the observed and treated groups, statistical differences were noted in PSA related parameters: preoperative PSA (Pre PSA), PSA three months after surgery (Post PSA), % Post PSA/Pre PSA (%PSA ratio), and PSA density (PSAD). No differences were noted in the clinical stage (T1a, T1b) and Gleason scores. Of 23 patients underwent radical TURPCa, one had pT0 disease, one showed PSA failure, and 19 had stable PSA. It may be rational and practical to decide the treatment strategy of incidental PCa based on PSA changes before and after TURP rather than Gleason scores or clinical stages.

Published in Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11
Page(s) 56-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Incidental Prostate Cancer, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, Advanced Transurethral Resection of the Prostate, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Radical Transurethral Resection of Prostate Cancer

References
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[2] L. Sobin, M. Gospodarowicz, C. Wittekind, "Urological Tumours, Prostate", TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 7th ed., Hoboken, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 243–248, 2009.
[3] J. Adolfsson, " The management of category T1a-T1b (incidental) prostate cancer: can we predict who needs treatment?", European Urology, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 16–18, 2008.
[4] A. Descazeaud, M. Peyromaure, A. Salin A, D. Amsellem-Ouazana, T. Flam, A. Viellefond, B. Debré and M. Zerbib, "Predictive factors for progression in patients with clinical stage T1a prostate cancer in the PSA era", European Urology, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 355–361, 2008.
[5] M. Morita and Matsuura T, "An Advanced but Traditional Technique of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate in Order not to Overlook Stage T1 Prostate Cancer", Current Urology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 21–26, 2012.
[6] M. Morita and T. Matsuura, "Successful treatment of incidental prostate cancer by radical transurethral resection of prostate cancer", Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 94–99, 2013.
[7] R. Colombo, R. Naspro, A. Salonia, F. Montorsi, M. Raber, N. Suardi, A. Saccà and P. Rigatti, "Radical prostatectomy after previous prostate surgery: clinical and functional outcomes", Jounal Urology, vol. 176, no. 6, pp. 2459–2463, 2006.
[8] J. Menard, A. de la Taille, A. Hoznek, Y. Allory, D. Vordos, R. Yiou, C-C. Abbou, L. Salomon, "Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after transurethral resection of the prostate: surgical and functional outcomes", Urology, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 593–597, 2008.
[9] B. T. Helfand, A. K. Mongiu, D. Kan, D-Y. Kim, S. Loeb, K. A. Roehl, J. J. Meeks, N. D. Smith and W. J. Catalona, "Outcomes of radical prostatectomy for patients with clinical stage T1a and T1b disease", British Journal of Urology International, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 304–309, 2009.
[10] D. Teber, J. Cresswell, M. Ates, T. Erdogru, M. Hruza, A. S. Gözen AS and J. Rassweiler, "Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in clinical T1a and T1b prostate cancer: oncologic and functional outcomes--a matched-pair analysis2, Urology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 577–81, 2009.
[11] M. Do, T. Haefner, E. Liatsikos, P. Kallidonis, J. Hicks, A. Dietel, L-C. Horn, R. Rabenalt and J-U. Stolzenburg, "Endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy after previous transurethral resection of prostate: oncologic and functional outcomes of 100 cases", Urology, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 1348–1352, 2010.
[12] U. Capitanio, V. Scattoni, M. Freschi, A. Briganti, A. Salonia, A. Gallina, R. Colombo, P. I. Karakiewicz, P. Rigatti and F. Montorsi, "Radical prostatectomy for incidental (stage T1a-T1b) prostate cancer: analysis of predictors for residual disease and biochemical recurrence", European Urology, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 118–125, 2008.
[13] S. Melchior, B. Hadaschik, S. Thüroff, C. Thomas, R. Gillitzer and J. Thüroff, "Outcome of radical prostatectomy for incidental carcinoma of the prostate", British Journal of Urology International, vol. 103, no. 11, pp. 1478–1481, 2009.
[14] J. I. Epstein, P. C. Walsh PC and C. B. Brendler, "Radical prostatectomy for impalpable prostate cancer: the Johns Hopkins experience with tumors found on transurethral resection (stages T1A and T1B) and on needle biopsy (stage T1C)", Journal of Urology, vol. 152, no. 5, pp. 1721–1729, 1994.
[15] R. Rajab, G. Fisher, M. W. Kattan, C. S. Foster, H. Møller, T. Oliver, V. Reuter, P. T. Scardino, J. Cuzick and D. M. Berney, "An improved prognostic model for stage T1a and T1b prostate cancer by assessments of cancer extent", Modern Pathology, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 58–63, 2011.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Masaru Morita, Takeshi Matsuura. (2014). Incidental Prostate Cancer: Predictors of Progression and Strategies of Management Based on Prostate-Specific Antigen. Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research, 2(6), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11

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    ACS Style

    Masaru Morita; Takeshi Matsuura. Incidental Prostate Cancer: Predictors of Progression and Strategies of Management Based on Prostate-Specific Antigen. J. Cancer Treat. Res. 2014, 2(6), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11

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    AMA Style

    Masaru Morita, Takeshi Matsuura. Incidental Prostate Cancer: Predictors of Progression and Strategies of Management Based on Prostate-Specific Antigen. J Cancer Treat Res. 2014;2(6):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11,
      author = {Masaru Morita and Takeshi Matsuura},
      title = {Incidental Prostate Cancer: Predictors of Progression and Strategies of Management Based on Prostate-Specific Antigen},
      journal = {Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {56-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jctr.20140206.11},
      abstract = {We studied predictors for the progression of incidental prostate cancer (PCa) to optimize the management strategies that are still controversial in the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We performed advanced transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in 995 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Of these, 226 patients (22.7%) had incidental PCa. Included in the present study were 146 patients followed up for two years or longer. In the treated group of 26 patients whose PSA elevated, we performed radical transurethral resection of PCa (TURPCa) in 23 patients, palliative TURP in one, and endocrine therapy in two. Between the observed and treated groups, statistical differences were noted in PSA related parameters: preoperative PSA (Pre PSA), PSA three months after surgery (Post PSA), % Post PSA/Pre PSA (%PSA ratio), and PSA density (PSAD). No differences were noted in the clinical stage (T1a, T1b) and Gleason scores. Of 23 patients underwent radical TURPCa, one had pT0 disease, one showed PSA failure, and 19 had stable PSA. It may be rational and practical to decide the treatment strategy of incidental PCa based on PSA changes before and after TURP rather than Gleason scores or clinical stages.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Incidental Prostate Cancer: Predictors of Progression and Strategies of Management Based on Prostate-Specific Antigen
    AU  - Masaru Morita
    AU  - Takeshi Matsuura
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11
    T2  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
    JF  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
    JO  - Journal of Cancer Treatment and Research
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-7790
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20140206.11
    AB  - We studied predictors for the progression of incidental prostate cancer (PCa) to optimize the management strategies that are still controversial in the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We performed advanced transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in 995 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Of these, 226 patients (22.7%) had incidental PCa. Included in the present study were 146 patients followed up for two years or longer. In the treated group of 26 patients whose PSA elevated, we performed radical transurethral resection of PCa (TURPCa) in 23 patients, palliative TURP in one, and endocrine therapy in two. Between the observed and treated groups, statistical differences were noted in PSA related parameters: preoperative PSA (Pre PSA), PSA three months after surgery (Post PSA), % Post PSA/Pre PSA (%PSA ratio), and PSA density (PSAD). No differences were noted in the clinical stage (T1a, T1b) and Gleason scores. Of 23 patients underwent radical TURPCa, one had pT0 disease, one showed PSA failure, and 19 had stable PSA. It may be rational and practical to decide the treatment strategy of incidental PCa based on PSA changes before and after TURP rather than Gleason scores or clinical stages.
    VL  - 2
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Author Information
  • Kounaizaka Clinic, Kochi, Japan

  • Department of Urology, Matsubara Tokushukai Hospital, Osaka, Japan

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